Carnival has carved out a broad offering across demographics, the product still has to compete with other land-based vacations

Business Strategy & Outlook

Carnival remains the largest company in the cruise industry, with nine global brands and 91 ships as of October 2022. The global cruise market has historically been underpenetrated, offering cruise companies a long-term demand opportunity. Additionally, in years prior to the pandemic, the repositioning and deployment of ships to faster-growing and under-represented regions like Asia-Pacific had helped balance the supply in high-capacity regions like the Caribbean and Mediterranean, aiding pricing. However, international travel has waned as a result of COVID-19, which could spark longer-term secular shifts in consumer behavior, challenging the economic performance of Carnival over an extended horizon. As consumers have resumed cruising since the summer of 2021 (after a year-plus no-sail halt), cruise operators have been able to reassure passengers of both the safety and value propositions of cruising (offering a holiday product at 25%-50% less than land alternatives).

On the yield side, Carnival is to see some pricing pressure as future cruise credits continue to be redeemed through 2023, a headwind partially mitigated by the return of capacity via rising occupancy. And on the cost side, higher spend to maintain tighter health protocols should begin to alleviate in 2023, helping manage expenses. Higher than normal dry dock days could temper profits as the fleet is redeployed, crimping near-term profitability. As of Sept. 30, 2022, 95% of capacity was already deployed and eight of the company’s nine brands will have their entire fleets sailing by year-end. These persistent concerns, in turn, should lead to average returns on invested capital including goodwill, that are set to languish below the 10.4% weighted average cost of capital estimate until 2028, which supports no-moat rating.

Financial Strengths

Carnival has secured adequate liquidity to survive its slow resumption of cruising, with around $7 billion in cash and investments at the end of September 2022. This should help finance the little cash burn remaining through the end of the redeployment ramp-up, which earlier in the pandemic had run around $500 million or more per month. The company has raised significant levels of debt since the onset of the pandemic with $35 billion in total debt, up from around $12 billion at the end of 2019. The company is focused on reducing debt service as soon as reasonably possible in order to reduce future interest expense. It has also actively pursued the extension of maturities, limiting the cash demand on debt service over the near term. By math, Carnival has more than one year’s worth of liquidity to operate successfully in a no-revenue environment. There’s no imminent credit crunch in the near term, as long as capital markets continue to function properly. Liquidity remains accessible, as Carnival was able to issue $1 billion in senior unsecured notes during its second quarter (due 2030), which was set to help refinance certain 2023 debt maturities while supporting capital spend. In August, Carnival was also able to extend the maturity (to 2024) of its convertible notes while maintaining the original rate (5.75%). Additionally, in order to free up cash to support operating expenses, Carnival eliminated its dividend in 2020 ($1.4 billion in 2019). Another $4.8 billion in current customer deposits were on the balance sheet, offering working capital that can be utilized to run the business and indicating demand for cruising still exists. And equity markets have also been accommodating, with the company facilitating a $500 million at-the-market equity raise in early 2022, indicating access to cash remains.

Bulls Say

As Carnival continues to deploy its fleet, passenger counts and yields could rise at a faster pace than the current capacity limitations are repealed.
A more efficient fleet composition (after pruning 23 ships since the onset of the pandemic) may benefit the cost structure to a greater degree than initially expected, as sailings fully resume.
The nascent Asia-Pacific market should remain promising post-COVID-19, as the four largest operators had capacity for nearly 4 million passengers in 2020, which provides an opportunity for long-term growth with a new consumer.

Company Description

Carnival is the largest global cruise company, with 91 ships in its fleet at the end of fiscal 2021, with all of its capacity set to be redeployed in 2022. Its portfolio of brands includes Carnival Cruise Lines, Holland America, Princess Cruises, and Seabourn in North America; P&O Cruises and Cunard Line in the United Kingdom; Aida in Germany; Costa Cruises in Southern Europe; and P&O Cruises in Australia. Carnival also owns Holland America Princess Alaska Tours in Alaska and the Canadian Yukon. Carnival’s brands attracted about 13 million guests in 2019, prior to COVID-19.

(Source: Morningstar)

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