SQM’s Growing Lithium Capacity Should Benefit From Higher Prices as EV Adoption Rises

Business Strategy & Outlook

Through its access to high-quality mineral deposits, Sociedad Quimica y Minera de Chile is a large, low-cost producer of lithium, iodine, and nitrates used in specialty fertilizers. SQM’s crown jewels are its geologically advantaged lithium and caliche ore assets. SQM’s low-cost lithium deposit in the Salar de Atacama boasts the highest concentration of lithium globally and benefits from high evaporation rates in the Chilean desert. As electric vehicle penetration increases, the high-double-digit annual growth for global lithium demand, one of the best growth profiles among commodities. SQM is the top three lithium producers globally. The company is in the midst of expanding its lithium carbonate production capacity to at least 250,000 metric tons from 70,000 in 2019. SQM is also investing in lithium hydroxide production in Australia through a joint venture with Wesfarmers, Covalent Lithium, which will be a fully integrated spodumene-based lithium hydroxide producer. The first part of the project entered production in the mid-2020s, with a capacity expansion in the second half of the decade. Unit costs should sit on the lower half of the lithium hydroxide cost curve. SQM is a market leader in potassium nitrate, a specialty fertilizer used in high-value crops, including fruits and vegetables. Specialty potash demand should benefit from the shift in emerging-market diets to higher-value foods. While specialty fertilizer prices tend to move in line with commodity potash prices, they have been less affected by movements in commodity potash prices. SQM is also a small player in commodity potash. SQM is the world’s largest producer of iodine, used in X-ray contrast media, pharmaceuticals, and LCD films. Iodine demand has grown 3% annually over the past decade and should continue to grow at this pace as healthcare spending rises with aging populations. SQM had increased its market share to 35% by the end of 2017 through a volume-over-price strategy, which caused iodine prices to fall. After higher-cost supply reduced production and SQM achieved its market share goals, the company is now acting as a rational player and prices have increased since 2018.

Financial Strengths

SQM is in excellent financial health. As of June 30, 2022, cash and cash equivalents, including current financial assets, and total debt both stood at roughly $2.6 billion. SQM’s debt position has grown in recent years as the company is in the midst of quadrupling its Chilean lithium capacity, funding development of its Australian lithium joint venture project, and expanding its fertilizer and iodine production capacities. The company plans to spend over $2 billion in capital expenditures from 2021 to 2024 to support these growth initiatives. To help fund these investments, the company issued $1.1 billion in equity in early 2021. However, given the recent rise in lithium, fertilizer, and iodine prices, it is expected SQM will be able to pay for the remaining capital expenditures with cash generated from its operations. Ultimately, the company’s balance sheet remains healthy as profits grow from the increased volumes and higher lithium prices. SQM’s dividend varies each year. It is calculated as a percentage of net income that ranges between 50% and 100% depending on balance sheet metrics, including total current assets divided by total current financial liabilities and total liabilities minus current financial assets divided by total equity. While SQM’s dividend will fluctuate from year to year, the company will generate enough cash flow to meet all of its financial obligations, including dividends.

Bulls Say

SQM’s crown jewel is its Salar de Atacama operation in Chile, which is the lowest-cost lithium deposit globally. Its capacity expansions at this resource should create long-term value.
The company’s specialty fertilizer blends of potassium, nitrates, and sodium garner a premium to commodity fertilizers due to their use in high-value crops, including fruits and vegetables.
Lithium prices will remain well above the marginal cost of production through at least the remainder of the decade, leading to excess profits and return on invested capital for SQM.

Company Description

Sociedad Quimica y Minera de Chile is a Chilean commodities producer with significant operations in lithium (primarily used in batteries for electric vehicles and energy storage systems), specialty and standard potassium fertilizers, iodine (primarily used in X-ray contrast media), and solar salts. The company extracts these materials through its high-quality caliche ore and salt brine deposits. SQM is also developing a hard rock lithium project in Australia.

(Source: Morningstar)

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