Itaú Should Benefit From Rising Interest Rates, but Uncertainty in Brazil’s Economy Still a Concern

Business Strategy & Outlook

The challenge for Itaú Unibanco will be to navigate an increasingly volatile Brazilian economy and uncertain political environment, which has been hit by the dual shocks of the pandemic and rapidly rising inflation, which exceeded 12% in April 2022. In response, the Brazilian central bank has rapidly increased interest rates, taking the SELIC rate from 2% at the start of 2021 to 13.25% by June 2022. The bank benefits from rising interest rates, as Brazil’s central bank attempts to fight inflation, but there is risk that economic fallout from rapidly increasing rates could lead to lower loan growth and higher credit losses for the bank. As pandemic conditions have eased, Itaú has refocused on individual lending, driving the bank’s impressive loan growth during 2021 and so far in 2022, with credit cards and mortgages leading the way. With a slew of government guarantee programs for small and midsize enterprises and fiscal stimulus spending, the bank’s credit costs during the pandemic have been surprisingly low. However, these same programs have contributed to Brazil’s growing inflation and budgetary issues, which now must be reined in through severe interest rate increases. While one does expect credit costs to normalize over time, low charge-offs and a surge in deposits have allowed Itaú to expand its loan book significantly.

Itaú Unibanco appears to be positioning itself as a regional money center in Latin America, with operations across Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Colombia, and Argentina. Though there are difficulties in such an approach, the bank has been able to diversify its asset growth and simultaneously reduce its exposure to the notoriously volatile Brazilian real. With nearly 30% of loans outstanding held abroad, the bank is in position to benefit from Latin American emerging-market growth. However, in the near to medium term Itaú’s results will be impacted by Brazil’s struggles as the country heads into the 2022 election cycle. Itaú faces a more hostile approach from regulators in recent years, with the central bank’s efforts to increase competition through the launch of the successful Pix payment system and support for the open banking movement.

Financial Strengths

Itaú Unibanco has a common equity Tier 1 ratio of 11.1% as of March 2022. The bank’s Tier 1 ratio is 12.5%, as it holds 1.4% of additional Tier 1 capital in hybrid debt and equity securities. While management has said at times that the bank has been overcapitalized, that Itaú has done well to avoid increasing leverage at a time when Brazil’s economic prospects were challenged. The strong capitalization entering the recent crisis permitted the bank to expand its aggregate loan book by more than 15% during 2021 after growing nearly 22% in 2020. Net charge-offs for the bank have been low, a result of government guarantees and fiscal stimulus, which to normalize as the impact of the central bank’s interest rate hikes is felt in the Brazilian economy. That said, Itaú is in a decent position to withstand higher credit costs as its balance sheet is in good shape.

Bulls Say

Rising interest rates in Brazil create an opportunity for Itaú to expand its net interest margin.
Itaú has been able to significantly expand its foreign lending operations, diversifying the bank and reducing its exposure to the volatile Brazilian market.
Credit losses in Brazil remain well below historical norms, allowing Itaú to generate good returns on its lending operations.

Company Description

Itaú Unibanco is the largest privately held bank in Brazil, the result of the 2008 merger between Banco Itaú and Unibanco. In addition to Brazil, the bank has significant operations in Chile, Colombia, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay. Its commercial and consumer loans account for 36% of the bank’s total loans each, while foreign loans now account for 28% of the bank’s portfolio. Itaú also operates the fifth-largest insurer in Brazil and is the second-largest asset manager in the country, giving it broad reach over the Brazilian financial system.

(Source: Morningstar)

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