ASML’s immersion lithography tools allowed the company to capture and maintain the leading position in the marketplace

Business Strategy and Outlook

ASML is the leader in photolithography equipment for semiconductor manufacturers. It is to materially benefit from the proliferation of extreme ultraviolet, or EUV, lithography and the uncertainty concerning the long-term extent of EUV insertion has sufficiently diminished to justify a wide moat rating. Photolithography is the process in which a light source is used to expose circuit patterns from a photomask onto a semiconductor wafer. A photomask is a flat, transparent quartz plate containing the microscopic circuit pattern. The latest technological advances in this field allow chipmakers to pursue Moore’s law and continually increase the number of transistors on the same area of silicon. Lithography tools account for a significant portion of chipmakers’ capital expenditures, with EUV platforms exceeding $150 million in price. ASML’s immersion lithography tools allowed the company to capture and maintain the leading position in the marketplace, while competitors like Nikon and Canon do not have the scale or resources to compete at the cutting-edge. Traditional immersion lithography approached its limits years ago, and chip makers adopted non litho workarounds, such as multiple patterning that uses advanced etch and deposition tools from other equipment firms.

To continue pursuing Moore’s law, chipmakers will require EUV lithography tools. EUV uses lower-wavelength light (13.5-nm versus 193-nm for current immersion tools) and simplifies the process flow (3 to 6 times cycle time reduction as a result of fewer steps and 15% to 50% cost reduction compared with multiple patterning schemes). The top three customers of the firm (Intel, Samsung, and Taiwan Semiconductor) committed to help fund a portion of research and development for EUV technologies and acquired an aggregate 23% minority equity stake in ASML in 2012 (though these stakes have come down over time). EUV industrialization in high-volume semiconductor production is now a reality, with the technology having been implemented for a few process steps at certain 7-nanometer process nodes at TSMC and Samsung and more meaningfully in each foundry’s 5-nm process technologies.

Financial Strength

ASML has a strong financial position. At the end of 2021, the company had EUR 7.6 billion in cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments and EUR 4.1 billion in long-term debt on its balance sheet. This debt position is not an issue given ASML’s typical cash generation. The firm typically holds a significant cash position, which is appropriate given the cyclical nature of the semiconductor equipment industry. During downturns, the cash cushion allows ASML to continue investing heavily in research and development in order to maintain its cutting-edge technology position. This is especially critical in the highly arcane wafer fabrication equipment market, where companies that failed to stay at the technological forefront have seen their competitive positions erode in the past, though ASML’s dominance in lithography is unlikely to be challenged by Nikon or Canon. ASML generally returns excess cash to shareholders via annual dividend payments and share buybacks. At the end of 2021, ASML doubled its annual dividend to EUR 5.50. In July 2021, the firm announced a new share buyback program for 2021 to 2023 of up to EUR 9 billion.

Bulls Say’s

ASML is the market leader in photolithography, an integral part of chip manufacturing, and is pioneering EUV lithography for the next wave of Moore’s law.

The extensive technical expertise needed to develop lithography tools, which are highly complex and play a critical role in enabling Moore’s law, serves as a major barrier to entry.
ASML has focused on operational efficiency in recent years to improve profitability throughout the industry cycle.

Company Profile

Founded in 1984 and based in the Netherlands, ASML is the leader in photolithography systems used in the manufacturing of semiconductors. Photolithography is the process in which a light source is used to expose circuit patterns from a photomask onto a semiconductor wafer. The latest technological advances in this segment allow chipmakers to continually increase the number of transistors on the same area of silicon, with lithography historically representing a meaningful portion of the cost of making cutting-edge chips. Chipmakers require next-generation EUV lithography tools from ASML to continue past the 5-nanometer process node. ASML’s products are used at every major semiconductor manufacturer, including Intel, Samsung, and TSMC.

(Source: MorningStar)

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